The knowledge of surveying is advantageous in many phases of engineering. The earliest surveys were made in connection with land surveying. Practically, every engineering project such as water supply and irrigation shcemes, railways,roadways and transmission lines, mines bridges and buidings etc., require surveys.
In survey field, the use of electronic-based instruments is now so widespread that it would be difficult to imagine any contemporary site surveying without it. The recent applications of electronics in the surveying instruements has enabled the surveyors to collect and process the filed data much more easily and to a higher precision than is possible using routine instruements.